![]() Total bile acid excretion was similar between GF and GB groups, but dogs fed GF excreted a higher proportion of primary bile acids compared with those fed GB (25.49% vs. ![]() Whole blood taurine concentrations, plasma methionine concentrations, and urinary taurine:creatinine were also greater at days 14 and 28 compared with day 0 ( P < 0.05), but no effect of diet was observed. Greater plasma taurine concentrations were observed at days 14 and 28 compared with day 0 wherein dogs fed GF exhibited greater increase compared to those fed GB ( P < 0.05). Apparent crude protein digestibility was not affected by treatment, but dogs fed GF diet had lower apparent organic matter digestibility compared with those fed GB ( P < 0.05). Taurine markers and digestibility data were analyzed in a repeated measures model and one-way ANOVA, respectively, using PROC GLIMMIX in SAS (version 9.4). Fecal samples were collected during the last 6 d of experimental period for digestibly assessment using titanium dioxide as an external marker. At the end of the adaptation period and every 2 wk after it (day 0, day 14, day 28), markers of taurine metabolism were analyzed in whole blood (taurine), plasma (taurine, methionine, and cystine), urine (taurine:creatinine), and fresh fecal samples (primary and secondary bile acids). The study consisted of an adaptation period of 2 wk followed by an experimental period of 28 d in which GB and GF were fed to the dogs. A total of 12 Beagle dogs were used in a completely randomized design with six replicates per treatment. The GB contained sorghum, millet, and spelt while potatoes, peas, and tapioca starch were used in the GF. ![]() Two practical dog diets sufficient in crude protein, sulfur amino acids, and taurine content were formulated with the same ingredients with exception of the carbohydrate sources. This study evaluated the effects of a grain-based ( GB) and grain-free ( GF) diet on protein utilization and taurine status in healthy Beagle dogs.
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