Their prognosis depends, above all else, on histology and margin status. ![]() The overall 5-year survival of patients with malignant tumors of the anterior skull base is 50%.Recent developments in minimally invasive modalities have led to the popularization of endoscopic surgery for resection of both benign and malignant tumors. The classical resections of malignant tumors of the anterior skull base and ethmoids are performed via the open craniofacial approach.Exceptions are lymphomas and small cell carcinomas, which are managed by chemoradiation. Malignant tumors of the ethmoids and anterior skull base are almost always treated by surgery.Tissue is usually obtained by means of endoscopic biopsy under local anesthesia. Tissue diagnosis is crucial for the tailoring of treatment and should always be performed after a proper imaging work-up.The main advantage of CT scans is their superiority in delineating the architecture of the bones, and the main advantage of MRI is its supremacy in delineating among soft-tissue structures. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the modalities of choice for staging and follow-up of skull base tumors.Special attention should also be paid to the presence of facial asymmetry, proptosis, serous otitis media, and cranial nerve palsies. The physical examination should always include a fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of the nose, sinuses, nasopharynx, and oropharynx.A high degree of suspicion is necessary for any symptom suggestive of a growing tumor in the nasal cavity and sinuses. ![]()
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